There are four Japanese rail passes to choose from:

The Japan Rail Pass for unlimited travel on Japan Rail lines and affiliated buses and ferries.
The Japan East Rail Pass covers metropolitan Tokyo and many popular destinations in Eastern Japan.
The Japan West (Sanyo Area) Rail Pass covers an area of western Japan stretching roughly from Sasebo to Osaka.
The Japan West (Kansai Area) Rail Pass covers a smaller, more specific area of western Japan including sightseeing locations such as Kyoto, Osaka, Kobe, Nara and Himji.